![]() ![]() The device logically belongs in the varistor family, and has the transconductance or transfer impedance of a device having gain, so that this combination is descriptive." This is an abbreviated combination of the words " transconductance" or "transfer", and " varistor". The rationale for the name is described in the following extract from the company's Technical Memoranda (May 28, 1948) ( ) calling for votes: Ironically, they had set out to manufacture a field-effect transistor ( FET) predicted by Julius Edgar Lilienfeld as early as 1925 but eventually discovered current amplification in the point-contact transistor that subsequently evolved to become the bipolar junction transistor ( BJT).īell Telephone Laboratories needed a generic name for their new invention: "Semiconductor Triode", "Solid Triode", "Surface States Triode", "Crystal Triode" and "Iotatron" were all considered, but "transistor", coined by John R. The transistor was invented at Bell Telephone Laboratories in December 1947 (first demonstrated on December 23) by John Bardeen, Walter Houser Brattain, and William Bradford Shockley, who were awarded the Nobel Prize in physics in 1956. This is still one of the dictionary definitions of transistor. Transistor was also the common name in the sixties for a transistor radio, a portable radio that used transistors (rather than vacuum tubes) as its active electronic components. ![]() ![]() Digital circuits include logic gates, RAM (random access memory) and microprocessors. In digital circuits, transistors function essentially as electrical switches. Analog circuits include audio amplifiers, stabilised power supplies and radio frequency amplifiers. In analog circuits, transistors are used in amplifiers. A current or voltage applied through/across two terminals controls a larger current through the other terminal and the common terminal. In essence, a transistor has three terminals. It acts as a variable valve which, based on its input current ( BJT) or input voltage ( FET), allows a precise amount of current to flow through it from the circuit's voltage supply. The transistor is a solid state semiconductor device which can be used for amplification, switching, voltage stabilization, signal modulation and many other functions. Through hole transistors (tape measure marked in centimeters) ![]()
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